What’s the difference between 433MHz and 868MHz for LoRaWAN networks?

The primary differences between 433 MHz and 868 MHz LoRaWAN networks lie in their operating frequencies and regulatory considerations. Here’s a breakdown of the key distinctions:

1. **Operating Frequency**:
– **433 MHz LoRaWAN Network**: This operates in the 433 MHz frequency band, which is commonly used for short-range and low-power communication in various regions worldwide. It offers good penetration through obstacles and is suitable for applications like remote control, telemetry, and IoT.
– **868 MHz LoRaWAN Network**: This operates in the 868 MHz frequency band, which is allocated for short-range and low-power communication in Europe and some other regions. It provides longer range compared to 433 MHz and is commonly used for IoT, smart city applications, and industrial monitoring.

2. **Regulatory Considerations**:
– **433 MHz LoRaWAN Network**: The use of the 433 MHz frequency band is subject to regulations that vary by country. It’s important to ensure compliance with local regulatory requirements regarding transmit power, duty cycle limitations, and other factors.
– **868 MHz LoRaWANNetwork**: The 868 MHz frequency band is specifically allocated for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications in Europe. Regulatory requirements for this band are harmonized across European countries under the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) regulations.

3. **Range and Penetration**:
– **433 MHz LoRaWAN Network**: While 433 MHz LoRa networks offer good penetration through obstacles, they typically have shorter range compared to higher frequency bands like 868 MHz.
– **868 MHz LoRaWAN Network**: Networks operating at 868 MHz generally provide longer communication range compared to 433 MHz due to lower atmospheric attenuation and better propagation characteristics at this frequency.

4. **Interference and Coexistence**:
– **433 MHz LoRaWAN Network**: Due to its lower frequency, 433 MHz networks may experience less interference from other wireless devices operating in higher frequency bands.
– **868 MHz LoRaWANNetwork**: Interference from other devices operating in the ISM band, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, may be more prevalent in 868 MHz networks. However, LoRa’s spread spectrum modulation and robustness help mitigate interference effects.

When choosing between 433 MHz and 868 MHz LoRaWAN networks, consider factors such as regulatory compliance, communication range requirements, interference considerations, and specific application needs.